Traditional Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods, while valuable, are associated with several significant challenges:

• Limited Sensitivity: Traditional methods like visual inspection or simple radiography can miss subtle defects, leading to false negatives and potential safety risks.
• Incomplete Coverage: Many traditional NDE methods are single-point or line scans, which can result in inadequate coverage, especially for large or complex structures.
• Human Error: Human interpretation is often required, introducing subjectivity and the possibility of operator error. This can lead to inconsistencies in inspection results.
• Time-Consuming: Some traditional techniques are time-consuming and may require prolonged equipment setup, causing downtime in industries that demand continuous operation.
• Limited Data Recording: Older methods may lack the ability to store inspection data digitally, making it challenging to track changes in material conditions over time.
• Environmental Constraints: Traditional NDE methods may have limitations when dealing with adverse environmental conditions, such as extreme temperatures or restricted access areas.
• Incompatibility with Advanced Materials: Many advanced materials, like composites or high-strength alloys, may not be adequately assessed using traditional NDE techniques due to differences in material properties.

To address these challenges, advanced NDE methods have been developed, offering improved sensitivity, speed, accuracy, and data management capabilities.